Essay on Capitalism, Crisis, and Class The United States Economy after the 2008Essay Writing Service

Essay on Capitalism, Crisis, and Class The United States Economy after the 2008Essay Writing Service Essay on Capitalism, Crisis, and Class: The United States Economy after the 2008 Essay on Capitalism, Crisis, and Class: The United States Economy after the 2008Theory confirmed by practice says that in a healthy economy prices must rise – thus, consumers will have a permanent incentive not to postpone the purchase of durable goods, and manufacturers – the investments in hardware upgrades. Experience has shown that the optimal inflation rate is less than 2 percent a year. So there is nothing surprising in the fact that in a situation when inflation in Germany, Europe’s largest economy, dropped to 0.8%, the average figure in the eurozone fell to 0.3%, and in Spain the price growth made minus 0.5%, the ECB rang the alarm.However, it is not only the eurozone countries that are facing the fall in the general price level. Moreover, the situation that has emerged in the European market could trigger house of cards effect in all partner countries. We believe that today we should mark the growing danger of further reduction of inflation or deflation rise worldwide in the next two tears.Analyzing the risk of emerging deflationDescribing current economic variables, it should be marked that the greatest concern is the fact that the growth of consumer prices in the euro area fell to 0.3% in September from 0.4% in August and July, from 0.5% in June and May and 0.7% in April. In September, in Italy there was a decline in prices of 0.2% for the second month in a row, while the Spanish economy in recent months has already slipped into deflation (National Institute Economic Review, 2014; Figure 1). Many other factors are also showing a decrease in economic growth in the world, in particular (basing on studies by National Institute Economic Review, 2014; Dufour Orhangazi, 2014; Pesek, 2014):Export from Germany, Europe’s largest economy, in August 2014 fell sharply against the falling demand in the world, which has caused concern that the euro zone economy may slip into recession for the third time in the last six years.In China, the high level of corporate debt, unstable real estate market and excessive production capacity indicate that Beijing may not achieve the target growth rate of 7.5%.Japan’s economy in recent years has not managed to come out of stagnation with the government raising sales tax this year, and the growth of consumption and industrial production declining.Developing countries, such as South Africa and Brazil, have also begun to experience economic difficulties, mainly related to the decrease in the purchasing power of partners.Inflation in India and Iran has declined sharply.The situation is complicated by the fact that in the face of the falling inflation, consumers postpone major purchases and manufacturers investments, based on the expectations that the required goods will eventually fall in price even more. The drop in demand leads to the reduction of production of these goods, and the extra workers are laid off. Rising unemployment in turn leads to a further drop in demand and prices, which reinforces the restraint of consumers and investors (Krugman, 2009). It is extremely difficult to get out of this spiral, much more difficult than to get out of an inflationary spiral. After all, the verified means of combating inflation is increasing the interest rates by the central bank. The more expensive the loans and the higher the rates on bank deposits, the less money is thrown into the economy: manufacturers postpone investments, and consumers prefer to increase savings rather than spend them in stores. And theoretically, the central bank can raise the basic rate endlessly, but it cannot reduce the basic rate below zero (Meltzer, 2009). By now, the central banks have lowered interest rates to a record low level making nominal 0.15%, as well as offered commercial banks the target long-term refinancing operations (TLTRO) and confirmed their intention of large-scale purchases of government bonds to recover from the financial crisis of 2008-2009 (Dufour Orhan gazi, 2014). As a result, the politicians now have less tools to stimulate sustainable growth of the world economy.In addition, low inflation cannot be fully explained by temporary factors such as the Ukrainian crisis, sanctions against Russia, and the Middle East events. On the contrary, it reflects the profound weakness of the economy with low demand, significant decline in production, high unemployment and debt burden, as well as weak economic growth prospects. Here, we should agree with Pesek (2014) that the declined banks’ balance sheets, falling asset prices, unfavorable demographic situation and the lack of decisive action by the regulator in many developed economies today also allow comparing this situation with Japan of 1991.Thus, assuming that deflation eventually comes and continues for some time, this could lead to its further deepening. This, in turn, will complicate getting out of the price decline due to the dynamics of real interest rates, growth in the real d ebt burden, expectations of further fall in prices for businesses and consumers, deferred expenses, new fall in asset prices and increase in the number of loan defaults (Meltzer, 2009). Following this â€Å"shocking† scenario, inflation rate in the euro area could fall to -1% in 2015 and 2016, and then be able to rise to 0% (consumer price inflation in Japan has been 0% since 1995 (Pesek, 2014)). GDP growth will drop to 0% in 2015 and 2016, and later grow to around 1% (in Japan, it averaged 0.9% over the 1995-2013 period (Pesek, 2014)). Unemployment will rise to 12%. Interest rates will remain unchanged and record low, and the yield on 10-year bonds will be at the level of 1%. We can also expect a fall in asset prices and collateral values.ConclusionThe recent volatility in financial markets, slow rates of world economic growth, decline in consumer prices and other factors only increase the concern that the risk of deflation in the global economy rises. If the prices drop low enough and hold at this level long enough, the economy could slip into recession around the world following the crisis already covering the strongest economies in the Eurozone (Krugman, 2009).In general, over the next year the economy of the entire planet will likely be determined by external factors, and if the ECB starts to pour in liquidity, we will see positive changes on the horizon of 6-12 months. If everything narrows to half-measures, the timing of economic recovery will delay, inflation rates in the euro area may fall to -1% in 2015 and 2016, and provoke setting of threshold values in a number of partner countries (National Institute Economic Review, 2014). The today’s risk of deflation is a risk of a significant slowdown in the business activity with a consequent reduction in GDP growth down to zero marks or even lower.

Bon marché - French Expression

Bon marchà © - French Expression Expression: Bon marchà © Pronunciation: [ bo(n) mar shay] Meaning: inexpensive, cheap Literal translation: good deal Register: normal Notes The French expression bon marchà © might be translated by either inexpensive or cheap. Like the latter, bon marchà © can be both positive (indicating a reasonable price) and negative (insulting the products quality). Bon marchà © is invariable in gender and number: it does not change to agree with the noun it modifies. Examples   Ã‚  Ã‚   Je cherche un cadeau bon marchà ©.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Im looking for an inexpensive gift.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Avez-vous des voitures bon marchà © ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you have any cheap cars? However, bon marchà © can be made comparative and superlative:   Ã‚  Ã‚   Je prà ©fà ¨re la tà ©là ©vision meilleur marchà ©, mà ªme si elle est un peu plus petite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  I prefer the cheaper TV, even though its a little smaller.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Il a achetà © les chaussures les meilleur marchà ©.   Ã‚  Ã‚  He bought the least expensive shoes. ​Synonyms (Positive and Negative) un bon rapport qualità ©-prix - good valueune bonne affaire - good dealun prix avantageux - bargain pricepas cher - inexpensiveune mauvaise affaire - bad dealla pacotille - cheap piece of junk More Expressions with bonFrench shopping vocabularyMost common French phrasesInvariable adjectives

Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning - Assignment Example With this concern, this paper intends to discuss about how Starbucks managed to come to its current position with respect to record earnings in the context of a SWOT analysis. Discussion SWOT analysis is a method or a study which is usually adopted by an organization to evaluate its internal strengths along with weaknesses and external opportunities as well as threats (United States Department of Agriculture, n.d.). The following discussion has been made within the circumstance of SWOT analysis of Starbucks which would reveal about how Starbucks has managed to come to its current position with respect to record earnings. Strengths: Strength is usually considered to be the internal factor which helps an organization towards efficiently achieving its expected organizational goals. In comparison to other coffee house chains in the world, Starbucks is pretty much known to almost every one. The company is renowned to serve its customers with quality as well as standardized products which eventually made the company to earn record earnings in this present day context by a certain degree. In terms of strength, it can be viewed that the company has been listed in the 7th position as one of the finest companies to work for in the year 2008. Though it has been viewed that the number of competitors are increasing at a rapid speed, certain aspects like superior brand awareness, attractive financial position and its strategy of expanding into new business are considered to be vital strengths of the company (SlideShare Inc., 2013). Weaknesses: While most people think Starbucks coffee as a luxury good and is ready to pay any price for it, but the increasing cost in its products has been debatable amid several customers. It has been viewed that there is a constant change in the price of its coffee based products. The main weakness of Starbucks can be apparently observed as that its entire business is mainly dependent on its coffee based products. Whereas, it’s one of th e competitors named Dunkin’ Donuts is involved in performing various sorts of businesses. In addition to its increasing cost of the products, it has also been viewed that the company has also lacked in handling international relations in the past. It is worth mentioning that coffee is duly regarded as a substitute product denoting that people are willing to change their preferences, if there lay high increase in the price level of the products (Higbee, Liaw, Ting, Tjho & Ton, n.d.). Opportunities: One of the best opportunities which is helping and would help Starbucks to maintain its leading position in the coffee industry is technology. The company has been viewed to implement new technologies that not only help to enhance its overall performance but also to come to its current position with respect to record earnings through making continuous research and development (R&D). Specially mentioning, acquisition of certain renowned companies such as Seattle’s Best, XM Caf e, and Tazo Tea has also helped Starbucks to expand itself in various parts of the world resulting in strengthening its current position with regard to record earnings by a significant level. Furthermore, acquisitions of certain other companies like Bay Bread and its La Boulange bakery can also be considered as providing major opportunities for Starbucks by a certain degree. The strategy of Starbucks to

Globalization Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Globalization Law - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  there is therefore the need to have international laws since in most cases different countries and states have laws that conflict each other. This means that a law banning a certain activity may happen to be legal in another country, and therefore there is a need to have an overall checker that keeps the system in balance.This study highlights that  the world is now a global village as a result of scientific and technological advancements.   Indeed, an occurrence in one region of the world can seriously affect the rest of the world. Hence, countries must strive to keep good relationships with others since no State can afford to lead an isolated life in the contemporary world. Globalization law encompasses a number of areas such as prevention of the use of force whereby states/countries are required to solve their problems amicably. International law also deals with protection of basic human rights. The law stipulates that each person can demand specific basic rights such as right to life, freedom of conscience as well as freedom from physical harm among other rights. International law tackles issues such as the protection of persons at the time wars or armed conflicts as highlighted by Gabriella. In this area, global law stipulates the rules of war and particularly those pertaining to the protection of civilians, the injured and prisoners of war.  ... International law tackles issues such as the protection of persons at the time wars or armed conflicts as highlighted by Gabriella (2001). In this area, global law stipulates the rules of war and particularly those pertaining to the protection of civilians, the injured and prisoners of war. Another area whereby the globalization law is involved is in the war against terrorism, crimes against humanity and crimes against peace and other serious crimes. This is due to the fact that efforts to tackle such crimes can only be successful if they are based on global law (Williams, 2009). International law also deals with environmental issues such as rules protecting climate and preserving natural resources, trade and development whereby it provides an international order which permits trade between States. The global law also deals with telecommunications and transport. Walsh (2006) explains that International agreements are important for ensuring the safety of global air and rail transporta tion. International crimes International crimes comprise of offences such as organized crimes, acts terrorism as well as crimes against humanity and peace. International crimes also include genocide, human trafficking, war crimes and drug trafficking. Crimes involving money laundering, massive corruption, piracy, computer crimes and child pornography are also classified as International crimes (Kouri, 2004). Crimes against humanity can be regarded as abhorrent acts that cause a serious harm to human dignity. In most cases, crimes against humanity lead to substantial loss of human lives and great suffering to mankind. Usually, crimes against humanity and

Nutrition - Obesity Essay Example for Free

Nutrition Obesity Essay According to Lin, Guthrie and Frazao, childrens calorie consumptions from fast food and soft drinks increased dramatically. Weight is always a problem in our society. Now a day, we are forgetting about healthy food just to save our time and money. We have adopted fast food to reach a level of obesity. Fast foods have a biggest contribution on obesity because of easy access on food restaurant; contain less amount of nutrition, and food advertisements.. Now it seems like fast foods fat and sugar are the main problem but if we don’t take an immediate action, towards the situation, it might be a genetic problem. A fast growth of fast food restaurants are the main cause of people becoming obese. They are also being victim of diseases such as diabetes, cholesterol, heart attack, etc. People prefer taste food but don’t pay attention to the price as the result comes with huge amount of fat and sugar resulting diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, etc. Abundance amounts of fast food restaurants are promoting peoples interests eating outside home rather than home. Today more than a third of Americans are considered as obese. Type 2 diabetes is a common sickness carried out by these fatty peoples. â€Å"Receptivity to Television Fast-Food Restaurant Marketing and Obesity among U. S. Youth† (McClure 568). We might be able to reduce or balance the amount of obesity using insulin. Fast food restaurants distribute lots of cookies and toy candies to children. Which may be a major contribution on childhood obesity? Epidemically, fast food is a major contributor to the obesity. It is also reducing their home activity such as cooking at home kitchens. Some of these food restaurants are illustrated as McDonald, Jack in the Box, KFC, Pizza Hut, etc. Price and quality always need to balance. Proper exercise is necessary to maintain our body fat and to stay healthy. According to ADA (American Diabetes Association), refined carbohydrates raise blood sugar levels too high these can spikes you’re Fast Food Bad Health Side Effects† blood sugar, damage your heart and might makes you gloomy. Even we pay full amount of money hamburger, Neupaney 2 in these restaurants, only contain 20% of meat; rest is just flour. We see some issue everyday about a milk containing fat on it at fast food restaurants. Fast food is increasing the number of kids with food allergies and asthma. Places like hospitals where they were supposed to cure disease are serving fast food in their cafeteria and adding the rate of being ill. Food with less nutrition fulfill theirs hunger faster and is increasing their eating tendency. 1,000 are the average amounts of calorie that fast food meal contains As you use it for long time, fast food can negatively affect you physically and emotionally. Because of efficient service, peoples are eating food with low crab. Grab and go are the main reason of us eating food with nutrition less foods. Schools have made significantly greater progress on sugar-sweetened beverages, comparing to lower- sugar beverages by replacing juice with sodas. â€Å"Solid Fat and Added Sugar Intake Among U. S. Children: The Role of Stores, Schools, and Fast Food† (Poti 559). According to the survey King a habit of eating Examples is burger, chicken tenders, pizza, and hot dog, etc. â€Å"Buy one chicken bacon burger, French fries, and coke; and get another chicken free; and even with a zero figure girl eating that burger. This are the kind of advertisements which encourage people buy their product. Children are easily attracted by the way advertisements are presented on television and these Ads are playing vital role in child obesity. Fast food restaurants are one of the most trending businesses in social media. Even celebrities are being a part to trend its business. For instance, Michelle Obama is promoting fast food for children. Social networking is taking negative impact in our society. Repeating food advertisements they see on those media might empty their parent’s pockets upon their influential requests. According to Nielsen Media Research Korea, in year 2004-2010, people with low income saw more fast food advertisements than those with higher income. â€Å"How Television Fast Food Marketing Aimed At Children Compares With Adult Advertisements† (Bernhardt 6). Deals and discounts are robbing people in a middle of a sunny day. Lavish fast food packaging, burger-adorned egg advertisements, pizza box branding are some evidence of this television world. It will amaze you by just looking how much money you could save by making a habit of eating outside home. In another prospective lots of people are holding job through these fast food restaurants. Food takes huge amount of our annual budget. You can eat for a week at fast food restaurant for the money which you use in a day at home. Peoples around the world are ordering food online now a day instead of cooking at home. Immigrants and refugees are addicted to these Neupaney 3 items because it’s easy to afford and can be found everywhere. Even in hospitals cafeteria fast foods are the means patients save their money. Mostly, high school students and college students are paying their tuition fee through their job at these places. Annually, 30 million unemployed peoples are earning their lives through these restaurants. Deals and discounts are also a great way to save money through these restaurants. According to my personal research, on my community, vast majority of people said, â€Å"I would rather eat outside home because I get various healthy food options in fast food restaurants for cheap price. Beings having weight loss problems are also balancing their diet supplements through this fast food. People’s weight status depends upon different components and ingredients used by restaurants. â€Å"Elsevier† Almost 20% of these Americans have succeeded in increasing weight in this past decade. We have to be careful and have to take action towards these fast food companies. We have to demand nutritional information on their food boxes, warning from government and funds program towards fast food addiction. . It’s ok for them to eat such foods once or twice per week. But if it exceed its amount, people will get obese. Even the apple and orange pie provided by McDonald and Burger Kings are unhealthful as eating cheese burger. Children affected by fast food are undocumented and are not filed. Parents need to be cautious with those problems. We owe them and have to motivate our community it pressurize them to bring healthier foods option for the same low prize they charge us for fatty foods. In different way, we could all be a victim of fast food. In future, we might grow a disease like stroke, high-blood pressure etc. In different ways, we could all be a victim of fast food. In future, we might grow a disease like stroke, high-blood pressure etc. to prevent this we have to stand up for what’s right. To prevent this we have to stand up for whats right. It’s time for us to take action and make impact in our own lives. Works Cited Bernhardt, Amy M. , et al. Bernhardt, Amy M. , et al. How Television Fast Food Marketing Aimed At Children Compares With Adult Advertisements. Plos ONE 8. 8 (2013): 1-6. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Apr. 2014. Elsevier Health Sciences. Eating Out Can Have Both Positive And Negative Impact On Obesity. ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 24 Apr. 2014. Fast Food, Cause Effect Essay by Elianapa. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Apr. 2014. Neupaney 4 Mathe, Kimberly, and Sheila Scott-Halsell. The Effects Of Perceived External Prestige On Positive Psychological States In Quick Service Restaurants. Journal Of Human Resources In Hospitality Tourism 11. 4 (2012): 354-372. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Apr. 2014. Morgan, Craig. â€Å"Unhealthful Fast Food Wont be an Option for My Kids. Arizona Republic. Web. 24 Apr.2014 Fast Food TIME News, Pictures, Quotes, Archive. TIME. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Apr. 2014. McClure, Auden C. , et al. Receptivity To Television Fast-Food Restaurant Marketing And Obesity Among U. S. Youth. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 45. 5 (2013): 560-568. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Apr. 2014. Poti, Jennifer M. , Meghan M. Slining, and Barry M. Popkin. Solid Fat And Added Sugar Intake Among U. S. Children: The Role Of Stores, Schools, And Fast Food, 1994–2010. American Journal Of Preventive Medicine 45. 5 (2013): 551-559. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Apr. 2014. V.

Constructivism Theory Essay -- Education, Teachers, Wireless Computin

Theoretical Framework Dewey (1916/1997), Papert (1993/2000), Piaget (1932/1997), Bruner and Vygotsky‘s (1978/1981) social constructivism (SC) theory will support this study. The theory of SC places teachers as facilitators in an active learning setting. An active social learning setting creates opportunities to facilitate learners with actively constructing knowledge using past experiences to connect to introduced concepts and tasks (Ryu et al., 2009). This can also be applied when teachers instill the value of the learning content through connecting the subject to past experiences and real-world situations (Specht, 2009). Teachers will need to be trained to create learning activities that contain only the information they want their students to process (Johnson et al., 2009). Dewey’s (1916/1997) SC theory emphasized that teachers use the information processing approach to observe their students during the teaching-learning process. Dewey’s information processing approach also requires teachers to alter their instructional practice (Bebell & Kay, 2010). For example, Dewey’s information processing approach suggests teachers use the independent and self-regulatory design to prepare their learners for future educational endeavors. This design can facilitate a network of lifelong social learners. The past years emphasized ways societal changed from passive information consumers to producers of information and consumer who have become social content prosumers (Specht, 2009). Therefore, training to integrate one-to-one computing will focus on employing social content, enriching activities, pedagogical approaches and innovative technology knowledge with the existing curricular. On... ...man prospective to advance through constructive use of communication resources (Johnson et al., 2009). Technophobia: computer phobia, anxiety, unfavorable global attitudes, societal impact, specific negative cognitions or self-critical personal dialogues during actual computer usage or when considering future computer use (Ursavas & Karal, 2009). Wireless Computing: devices that use electromagnetic waves rather than land-based wires to carry a communication signal; examples are laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless signals, rather than hardware technology (Skevakis, 2010). Wireless Technology: output tools such as laptops, clickers, cell phones, iPods, and other such mobile devices, including printers and desktop that operate through wireless forms (Skevakis, 2010).

Importance of good leadership command and management in military environment Essay

Importance of good leadership, command and management in military environment Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is wide recognition of leadership, command and management through the vast amounts of the available literatures. What is good leadership, command and management? How can good leadership skills be acquired? The study of leadership, command and management is a lifelong endeavour that is composed of good values such as loyalty, ability to act as well as the ability to pass clear messages to the subordinates in a particular group (Boulder, 2009, p.67). However, little has been developed pertaining to the three although scholars recognize that they are closely related especially in the military context. In a broad spectrum, different scholars have defined leadership in different ways. Over a long period, it has been impossible to determine whether leadership is an aspect or a consequence of status. However, according to Horn and Walker(2008), leadership is the ability of one human being to stir sentiments in an organizational perspective and influence the behaviours of others especially the lesser. In view of this, it has been concluded that leadership is an inherent source of power; the power to direct a group of people towards the achievement of a leader’s goals by transmitting those goals into aims of everyone. In general, leadership is an elusive quality that is expressed in different environments. Secondly, according to Beerel (2009), command refers to an order given by a commander and engulfs the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular change or achieving a specific objective. Use of command is mostly emphasized in the military environments. Inherently, command is different at each level of military operations and the task changes in different dimensions in relation to the will and the skills of those in commands. Finally, the third feature is good management. According to Boulder (2009), management refers to the organization, coordination, planning, controlling of organizational or a group’s activities in order to achieve the best and attain the set goals. The three aspects are critical and very important in the military operations and their applications have significant benefits in the operations at large. This research paper aims at uncovering the importance’s of leadership, command and management in military environments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the literature of military, the three aspects of good organizational structure have vast amounts of definitions. In a broad spectrum, over a long period scholars have recognized the significance of good leadership and cohesion in military environments especially when it comes to ensuring military success in variety of domains. All the same, it is evident that military activities can only be achieved effectively if only all members can carry out their activities responsibly in a collective approach (Beerel, 2009, p.119). This essentially means that everybody in any military operation irrespective of the occupation, operational rank or status has a role to play and should operate in accordance to the military guiding principles. Most importantly, military leadership, command and management play a vital role in ensuring the mentioned success.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Military leadership is the process of critically influencing other individuals in a military operation to accomplish a set mission by offering a structured purpose, target objective, direction, and purposeful motivation. On the other hand, command is a term that is closely linked to leadership in a military environment and it refers to the authority a person in military service legally exercises over other individuals or subordinates by the high merit of his or her rank and position (Horn &Walker, 2008, p.48). This means that the most successful military organization is the one that practices god leadership and promotes cohesiveness that bonds the personnel together an integrated sense of rationale and belongingness. Although good leadership is not an easy task to define, recent research and scholars have developed a substantial basis that creates a relationship between a military operation performance and good leadership, command and mana gement. Inherently, good leadership has not only proved to have a positive impact on the performance but has also shown an improved group functioning by buffering effects that arise from poor leadership strategies. As illustrated and discussed by different researchers, Leadership in a military environment is characterized a Leadership strategy that is not managerial in the military perspective as well as a style that focuses on personal emphatic and direct contact with soldiers. Nevertheless, a military leadership should be charismatic in nature rather than glib (Horn &Walker, 2008, p. 109). In most cases, leadership in the military is viewed as protective of certain members of a group. Most of the good leaders in this case are guided by the capability of not focusing on success but focus on building and neutralizing on the failures earlier realized (Beerel, 2009, p. 88). In wider terms, leadership comes in many shapes and approaches and each has both positive and negative. As a res ult, effective leaders acknowledge the significance of applying the best strategies at all costs. In its simplest forms, leadership is all about influencing individuals to act and achieve some objectives that are critical and important to the leader, the entire group or even an organization (Horn &Walker, 2008, p. 176). In basic terms, leadership is a human element that leads, motivates and inspires particularly during times of chaos, misunderstandings, crisis and complexity and provides a solution when directives have less or no or have little effect on cold, exhausted and stressed subordinates. In many cases, research has established that good leadership mostly in the military environment encourages subordinates to go beyond their obligations and committing themselves into the mission in a way that maximizes their potential (Beerel, 2009, p. 37). Most importantly, in the military good leadership serves as a very individualistic yet a very powerful component that allows commanders and leaders at all levels to shape and alter the environment in which subordinates and thereby, influencing the individuals characters, behaviour and even the actions of others. As such, good leadership is a key factor in motivating individuals to fight more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most important thing about good leadership is that it provides the basis for the constructive role modelling hence providing an extremely influence on individual reactions on threatening events. As pertains the American involvement in the World War II, scholars have realized that leadership from in front especially in war is very imperative. In addition, researchers have repeatedly proven that the availability of solicitous leadership creates a force that helps resist fear in military environments and hence provide a strong constituent of combat motivation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In any military mission the main and the basic task of a leader is to ensure the success and the accomplishment of the operation as well as ensuring the welfare of the subordinate colleagues. Furthermore, to ensure the quoted success, the command in military environments is offered through an organized structure; that is the chain of command. In general, a chain of command is the sequence of commanders in an operation who have a series of duties and responsibilities to ensure the accomplishment of the mission as well as caring for the personnel and the possessions they are under charge. Particularly in the military, it is very important that soldiers including those in leadership understand that most of the time, they rely more on those who are on their left or right for working support. Nevertheless, good leadership helps leaders gain honour from their subordinates. The key characteristics of good leadership in the military being honour, morality and integrity of which the three derive directly from the unique and pronounced intensity of the military environment in which the leadership is expressed. In terms of leadership, military organizations are different from other leadership organs in terms of their basic nature and reasons for being (Horn &Walker, 2008). Consequently, the power of the military official to exercise and influence the performance of the other soldiers are as a result of good leadership. In fact, soldiers always follow a good leader at any conditions of any battle. Nevertheless, good military leadership is built by developing military familiarity, trustworthiness and reliance from followers who in most cases are the soldiers. Military leadership in issues with reference to an operation is important because it prevents the fighters from leaning towards different solutions hence preventing argumentation and confrontations within a group undertaking a vital manoeuvre.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Command in military perspective refers to the way and means by which the commander sees the need and takes most appropriate and possible actions to have the need satisfied. Command encompasses all military operations and functions giving them a meaning and matching to complete unit with functional entities. The duty of commanding is vested on the commander who is authorized by set statutes to give directives as the situation may demand (Chapman, 2009, p.65). In military environment, command cannot be separated from control. Command exists with a view to imparting control on controls in order to ensure coordination and response to emergency in military field. Commands may take a form of quick reaction that makes it possible to execute duties accurately in a moment of crisis. Command requires some level of experience, and judgment that can only be performed only by skilled personnel who are capable of devising tactic and operation strategies . According to scholars, command occurs in three distinct categories that are highly linked to enhance the success of military operation. The basics for all command in the military activities is the power that is vested in the commanders, over their subordinates. The authority is in form of a rank that is bestowed to an individual either by the defiance force or by law through the constitution. In the military perspective, the personal command comes because of an individual’s charisma, experience and diligence in the execution of his duties. The other members of the organization normally crown this power to an individual. Noteworthy, official command provides the power to act but is not sufficient to make resounding impacts (Shamir, 2011, p.109). Most of the powerful commander’s possess extra power from the personal experience or inborn attributes. In the military, this high degree of personal authority, coupled with legal power is what makes charismatic commanders in the forces and the powers are delegated to subordinates. However, the commanders remain accountable since they are obliged to report to senior authority for instance the head of state. Command in the defence force is a complex activity that comprise of diverse but linked activities that are coordinated to achieved common direct and purpose. As a significant factor for success in military operations, command touches the people’s social, cultural and economic. Nevertheless, the authority gained from possession of commanding power controls the inter relations among individuals of varying backgrounds. Military command exists in three categories that are diverse but highly related. These categories are; legal, individual and departmental command (Wittmann, 2012, p.78).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Firstly, legal command is vested in the head of the state by the constitution that has the power over the armed forces. The head of state charges the secretary of the state the general task for security. The state secretary in turn confers the power to the commanders in chief of armed forces. For that reason, the command is vested to the commanders but through higher powers that assigns force to them to accomplish operation. (Shamir, 2011, p.98).The commanders, guided by military principle of service to the nation, organize coordinates and commands the troops carry out an operation. Command is the central feature of a formal military structure and defines the individual control over others in a given area of expertise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, individual exercise of command involves the manner in which the commander makes decisions and conveys them to his juniors. The individual command gives commanders the authority, responsibility and duty to act in a manner that safeguards the safety of the state. In this case, the commander makes decision, communicates them and directs the subordinates to take action for accomplishment of a mission hence fostering success. However, the commander remains accountable for the decision they make (Muth, 2011, p.101). In this context, command and accountability requires keen analysis. To enhance efficient and smooth running of the military operations, commanders are liable and obliged to answer to the superior about the power delegated them. On the other side, subordinates in the military environments remain answerable to the commanders. Command in this case may include the acts of controlling, ordering and predicting of which the three enhance the aspect of future success hence promoting success. Organizational command is related to entity design and takes hierarchical structure from the supreme to the subordinate hence this ensures that work is divided to achieve high level of coordination among the work activities involved in the troops. Moreover, it is majorly concerned with division of labor, departmentalization, authority allocation and span control that promote efficacy. It is worth noting that, effective training and education is important to commander in military environment. With the acquired knowledge from the training, planning skills are developed that sharpens situational awareness and is required in the rapid response to combat and establish controls. Inherently, war being a major issue that brings conflict between parties, solution is needed and commonly comes in form of command. In the military, there is no single activity in accomplishing a mission that is as important as command. Command can end conflicts without making attacks, destroying enemy targets and engaging in any war fighting activity (Muth, 2011, p.123). Planning organization and success of battles lies on the degree of command. In absence of command, military unit will possibly degenerate into mobs and subordination of troops will be replaced by violence and misunderstanding. In review, command is the tool that drives all military activities and operations. Military command gives all the operations of martial purpose and direction. When command is well done, it grants the activities success and meaning. Contrary, poorly executed military command calls for disasters from the potential enemies. Command bestows the commanders with an opportunity to best apply their intellectual capability to safeguard the safety of all citizens as well as upholding the troops reputation. Commander makes decision on what they feel is good for the people and then give directives to the subordinates to act immediately promoting respon se within the troops (Wittmann, 2012, p.77). Seemingly, senior commanders make suggestions about division of work at organizational level, delegate the authority and finally institute a span control. Eventually, these decisions become elaborate and clearly depict the organization structure. Command facilitates in building the military culture that outlines how operations are carried out. Establishing culture enables commanders to identify the weak point that need check for the improvement to be achieved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Ploch, (2009), command includes task such as collecting and analyzing data, planning, organizing resources and making decision that aims at monitoring and supervising military activities and operations. Command results to a procedure of executing an activity although it’s self not a procedure. In military context, command imparts control on all the activities and operations carried out that range from simple data collection to complex analysis to facilitate communication of instructions and information obtained. Commands in military environment helps at providing an insight into the requirements of an insecurity challenge faced by a nation. In addition, the command will assist at developing the intelligence about enemy and their habitat. As argued by the Chapman (2009), best way to defeat an enemy is by understanding his environment, tactics that they use and their intensity of their threat and this can only be achieved with good command in place. This enable s the military troops to unravel truths about the enemy’s intentions, strengths and weakness. Consequently, the commander having the prerequisite skills and information is empowered to plan and deploy troops in a battle having situational awareness of the attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, commands aids in developing and setting suitable goals and devising mechanisms to adapt to those goals as the situation changes. Military authority lends a hand in developing appropriate action plan to attain desired aspirations. The power creates direction and focus that provides a vigorous approach for assessing numerous essentials of the force. Authority also provides for means of constant monitoring and evaluation to assess the adaptability of the mechanisms employed. Above all, it should provide an opportunity to conceal the military intentions against the potential enemies a long side developing a rapid response system. Briefly, good power and control should generate responsive actions that are appropriate, applicable, and decisive and secure (Shamir, 2011, P.79). Even though commanding system is constantly evolving, the basic nature is that war is undesirable and unwanted. Technological changes and improvements have les sened the demand for commands in the military environment. The evolution of commands has not kept pace with the complexities of warfare. Command seems to impart controls that are merely dealing with basic challenges of uncertainties of time. The impact of command remain static irrespective of the constant changes in the war‘s sophistications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another importance tool in the success of military operations is management. Management in broad spectrum refers to the acts of organizing and coordinating human resource to achieve a desired objective (Schwartz, 2006, P.24). It is an important component in success of any activity. The success of the military operations high depends on the capability of the senior officers. It is a very complex issue and therefore best explained through it features. Actually, management has been a matter of academic interest as scholars try to unravel its functions and features (Dudley, 2012, p.67). Like Leadership, management is referred as one of the strong military tool since there does not exist any weapon that can replace it. The quality of management largely determines the success of defence forces operation. The success with which the troops accomplish mission is depended on the management skills of the commanders. Managers attempt to balance the al location of resources to different units within an organization to achieve set goals. Management is one of the major responses to security issues that military highly value (European Conference on Knowledge Management, & Neto, 2010, p.79). Due to change and growth in size of defence forces, many complexities are evident in the military environments. To handle these sophistications, good planning, coordination and organization is paramount. Proper and equitable allocation of resources assures of balance between all the units of the defence that are interdependent (Ehlen and Harmon, 2001, p.88). For the reason of this mutualism, the success of one unit is the success of the entire system therefore the existence of effective and efficient management brings about a certain degree of consistency to the important decisions made by the military officials. In the military as quoted earlier management develops the capacity to goals achievement through proper organization and staffing hence s ets the organization structure and creates jobs to accomplish a military operation. This is achieved through care analysis of situations and providing a framework for accomplishment through decision-making. Management identifies a problem, suggests solution through process of problem solving and draws a plan for implementation (Ehlen and Harmon, 2001, p.89). Noteworthy, military is very complex issue with many activities running concurrently. These activities require planning coordination and balancing to have them executed simultaneously. For better results, motivation and inspiration on the part of staff is mandatory. Actually, management aims at maximizing human resource with the available skills and technology and it applies in the same way in the military therefore a key element in the success of military missions. For instance, good management in the forces helps officials to plan for financial resources and the numbers of troops to be deployed in a certain battle. (European C onference On Knowledge Management and Neto, 2010, p.106). In addition, good military management influences proper budgetary allocation by the supervision. Military administration is also very important in evaluating the success of an operation. In this, the operation is assessed whether it was time and cost effective. Management also assesses how a military activity achieves external goals. The results of evaluation helps the managers detect loopholes in the defence force and then suggest action to ensure that a nation is safe from all threats. In addition, management ensures that all the support organs of the military are availed for the continued success of the defence force. It may be argued that, the success of military lies in its management. Management combines all functional units in defence force and coordinates them to collectively achieve a collectively achieve a common goal (Dudley, 2012, p.109). According to the European Conference On Knowledge Management and Neto (2010) , management is a vital driving force that propels all the activities and the operations of the military. It outlines the necessary framework for the implementation of the policies and the decision made. In fact, European Conference On Knowledge Management and Neto (2010), proposed that there is need to improve management which is a vital element of military and effort mechanisms and should be put in place to improve functionality an endeavour that can only be achieved through training, benchmarking and motivation (Ehlen and Harmon, 2001, p.123). Institutions that offer military studies need to be boosted by the government through resource allocation with the core aim of improving the achieving high quality and efficient work force in the field of military. Additionally, the soldiers need some training especially in area that are highly challenging like the war torn area, where they are fully engaged in field operations. To achieve the overall success of the management other aspects should be incorporated to ensure balance among management leadership and command. The types of leadership with the defence forces help at streaming the command that exist. Management comes as a facilitator of the overall implementation of what is decided at the drawing table.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As defined earlier in the introduction, management in the military context refers to the allocation and control as well as the coordination of human, financial and material resources to achieve the goals and objectives set (Rodt, 2014, p. 77). Essentially, in matters concerning military operations, the measure for good management is the ability to achieve balance in all activities undertaken. For managers senior individuals in a military environment to ensure that their management operations are good and effective, scholars argue that knowing the roles they should play in order to achieve success is essential. Without good and effective management strategies in organizations more so the military groups in the fast-moving and dynamic environment, the operations tend to turn chaotic and this in the long rum may threaten success (Sooters et al., 2010, p. 128). As a basic factor and component of success in any organizational process and approa ch, management brings a degree of consistency to some of the critical decision made by the senior officials in the military. In the same way as in other organizations, management in the military has not been left behind in promoting staffing. It develops the capacity for military organizations to achieve their plans by aligning individuals into the positions they best fit (Rodt, 2014, p. 77). When deeply analyzed, management applies the same approaches as leadership and command. In this sense, separating the three in the military environment denies success a chance hence failure to attain the set objectives. In addition, in the military environment, management ensures plan accomplishment by controlling and monitoring through the analysis and evaluation of the results achieved versus the plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As leadership, command and management in the present times are more than the leader and the led, more than the commander and the commanded as well as more than the manager and the managed respectively, the officers of today in the military have to subtly develop good and effectual alternative ways through which, they will lead, command and manage efficiently. For instance, in the present the Royal Air Force subordinates are treated in ethical way such that they can question any treatment accorded to them by their seniors hence provoking the traditional methods that used to utilize the unquestionable commands form above. Actually, the traditional approaches that undermined the status of the subordinates should no longer be acceptable in any military environment (Sooters et al., 2010, p. 128). Today, military organizations due to good leadership, command and management can move from temporary and uncooperative systems to more empowered group s hence nurturing healthy, decent and valuable followers that with the post-bureaucratic minds can push any military agenda towards its success. Additionally, leaders, managers and commanders in the military should adhere to good leadership styles, team building strategies and matrix-style management that helps bring together military fraternity and inter agency operations in a fast paced, high tempo environment. At the same time, the officials should continuously and simultaneously design and implement policies and plans to maximize on group cohesion, promote subordinate potential as well as providing healthy professional ethics. With this kind of atmosphere in the military environment, this kind of leadership will end up creating more future leaders rather than developing lenient followers (Rodt, 2014, p. 77). Therefore, major purpose and goal of such up to date leaders, commanders and managers would produce change, transforming people and military organizations by setting and art iculating vivid vision and implementing effective strategies that inspire even others. Some scholars refer to the three as â€Å"The Success Trinity†. To sum up, good and effective leadership, command and management in the military context serve as the three pillars that support success. References Beerel, A. C. (2009). Leadership and change management. Los Angeles, SAGE. Boulder.CO. (2009). Military leadership in pursuit of excellence. Boulder, CO, Westview Press. Chapman, B. (2009). Military doctrine: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif, ABC-CLIO. Dudley, M. (2012). An environmental history of the UK Defence Estate, 1945 to the present. London, New York. Ehlen, J., & Harmon, R. S. (2001). Encyclopedia of knowledge management. Hershey, PA, Idea Group Reference. European Conference On Knowledge Management, & Neto, M. D. C. (2010). Proceedings of the 4th European conference on information management and evaluation: Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal 9-10 September 2010. Reading, Academic Publishing. Muth, J. (2011). Command culture: officer education in the U.S. Army and the German Armed Forces, 1901-1940, and the consequences for World War II. Denton, Tex, University of North Texas Press. Ploch, L. (2009). Africa Command: U.S. strategic interests and the role of the U.S. military in Africa. Washington, D.C., Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. Rodt. P.A. (2014).The European Union and Military Conflict Management: Defining, Evaluating and Achieving Success. Routledge.Press Shamir, E. (2011). Transforming Command the Pursuit of Mission Command in the U.S., British, and Israeli Armies. Palo Alto, Stanford University Press. Soeters, J., Fenema, P. V., & Beeres, R. (2010). Managing military organizations: theory and practice. London, Routledge. Walker, R. W., & Horn, B. (2008). The military leadership handbook. Kingston, Ont, Canadian Defence Academy Press. Wittmann, J. (2012). Auftragstaktik – just a command technique or the core pillar of mastering the military operational art? CHAPMAN, B. (2009). Military doctrine: a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif, ABC-CLIO. Source document

Stylistic analysis: One Stair Up by Campbell Nairne

The book â€Å"One stair up† was written by a Scottish novelist Campbell Nairne in 1934 and describes the life of a working-class family from Edinburgh. And we can see a fragment that shows fine style and good sense of humour. The scene takes place in one of the Broadway cinemas. Two young people – Andrew and Rosa – decided to watch some movie. The culminating point of this story is the moment when Andrew says in excitement, â€Å"Good, isn't it? †, but receives the answer, â€Å"I don't see anything funny in that†. In this scene we can see how different Rosa and Andrew are.From this fragment we don’t know anything about their origin and social status, but we can guess that Rosa was from richer family than Andrew, that’s why she had better taste and didn’t like the foolish comedy. We can also easily understand it from one sentence: â€Å"It pleased her to be seen in the dress circle, even with Andrew†. She hoped to see so me of her friends to spend more pleasant time with them, but as she couldn’t see anybody, she had to stay with Andrew. There is one more evidence for it: â€Å"Is he really so stupid, she wondered. Yes, I suppose he is†.All these facts show us that Andrew and Rosa had very different social status. So, we can say that the main idea of this small fragment is to show how difficult it is for people from different classes to understand each other. What is fun for one is absolutely fool for another. Some habits, like talking in the cinema, are absolutely normal for one and unacceptable for another. I think that the moral of the story can be very well illustrated with two proverbs: â€Å"Tastes differ† and â€Å"A place for everything and everything in its place†. In order to describe the scene properly author uses different stylistic devices.On the whole he describes the movies that the heroes watched in details, so the reader can easily imagine everything that happened on the screen. For this aim the author forms his speech into short sentences that follow one after another like the scenes of the movie. But to make the story more artistic he uses, first of all, different epithets: â€Å"shadowy faces†, â€Å"looped curtain†. Also there are similes: the carpet â€Å"yielded like springing turf†, â€Å"a hard-worked dog, for you saw it, or another like it, in dozens of these comic films† and other to recall some associations in the readers’ mind and to make the images more  Ã¢â‚¬Å"visible†.What is more, similes help the reader understand the way of thinking of different characters and the author, too. The author uses different set phrases like â€Å"The film seemed to have smashed all records. It drew tears from the hardest hearts. It sent thrills down the spine† and others. It is described even with some kind of sarcasm as a sample of bad taste. Also there is an oxymoron: the main part in the â€Å"mightiest drama of Broadway† has a â€Å"bewitching† actress named Minnie Haha.Also the author uses book and high lexicon for usual things, for example: â€Å"to-night he would resist that awful temptation to explain the story in a whisper†, so it’s a burlesque. As for me, I liked this story, but I feel pity to Andrew. It is better to have a good sense of humour than trying to show your tastes. And Andrew just wanted to have better social position and dated with a girl from a rich family. But it is really difficult to them to be together. So, I think that Campbell Nairne had shown everything really truly.

Language and Citizenship

Language and Citizenship Language and Citizenship Language and Citizenship By Maeve Maddox Most countries have an â€Å"official† language. Several have more than one. Government business and schools are conducted in the official language. Official documents are printed in the official language. Knowledge of the country’s official language is usually one of the stated requirements for citizenship. For example, here are some language requirements I found in naturalization guidelines available on the web: Canada Be able to communicate in one of Canada’s official languages. France Provide proof of adequate knowledge of the French language. Germany Be able to speak German to B1 standard in the Common European Framework of Reference. Mexico Prove knowledge of Spanish and Mexican history. UK Be able to communicate in English, Welsh or Scottish Gaelic to an acceptable degree. USA Pass an English test Just how stringently the language requirement is enforced varies from place to place. Knowledge of Japanese is not specifically mentioned in the guidelines I found on line, but because an applicant for citizenship must complete the process entirely in Japanese, it’s unlikely that anyone could achieve citizenship without considerable fluency in the language. The UK has only recently required applicants for citizenship to provide proof they can speak the local language at the B1 level; the outcry against the stiffer requirements is still in progress. A speaker at the B1 level can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. can deal with most situations likely to arise while traveling in an area where the language is spoken. can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest. can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Under a new rule, Canada now requires something similar to the European B1: â€Å"applicants [for citizenship] must provide objective evidence that they meet the language requirement, achieving the Canadian Language Benchmark/Niveau de compà ©tence linguistique canadien 4 speaking and listening, when they file their application.† The United States government, on the other hand, is not only very generous in providing test waivers, but it doesn’t provide much of a test to those who can’t claim exemption. A new citizen commenting at the Business Week site describes his experience: I prepared for three months for this exam. [] For the reading part of the exam, I was asked to read the following sentence: Today is a sunny day. For the writing part of the exam, I was asked to write the following words: Today is a sunny day. [] I was flat out insulted. It doesn’t seem unreasonable to expect immigrants who plan to spend the rest of their lives in a country to learn to speak the country’s language of government and education. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Story Writing 101Words That Begin with Q

Conjugating the Verb Fare in Italian

Conjugating the Verb Fare in Italian The number of times that we talk about doing something or making something is plentiful, which makes â€Å"fare†, the verb that represents those two definitions, a must-know. Use this article to learn how to conjugate it in all of its tenses and read the examples so you can get an idea of how to use it. This is especially important because â€Å"fare† is one of those verbs in Italian that don’t translate well into English. There are lots of idiomatic expressions with it, so make sure to look out for those. Some Definitions of â€Å"Fare† Include To doTo makeTo act (like)To performTo create What to Know About â€Å"Fare† It’s an irregular verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -ere verb ending pattern.It can be both a transitive verb, which takes a direct object  and an intransitive verb, which does not take one when conjugated with the auxiliary verb â€Å"avere†.The infinito is â€Å"fare†.The participio passato is â€Å"fatto†.The gerund form is â€Å"facendo†.The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo fatto†. INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io faccio noi facciamo tu fai voi fate lui, lei, Lei fa Essi, Loro fanno Esempi: Hai gi fatto colazione? - Have you already had breakfast?Che fai? - What are you doing? Il passato prossimo io ho fatto noi abbiamo fatto tu hai fatto voi avete fatto lui, lei, Lei, ha fatto loro, Loro hanno fatto Esempi: Che hai fatto di bello oggi? - What were you up to today?Facciamo una pausa, va bene? - Let’s take a break, okay? L’imperfetto io facevo noi facevamo tu facevi voi facevate lui, lei, Lei faceva loro, Loro facevano Esempi: Quando li ho chiamati, facevano una passeggiata.  - When I called them, they were taking a walk.Facevano sempre quello che volevano. - They always used to do what they wanted. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo fatto noi avevamo fatto tu avevi fatto voi avevate fatto lui, lei, Lei aveva fatto loro, Loro avevano fatto Esempi: Lei voleva andare in Italia, come avevamo fatto due anni fa. - She wanted to go to Italy, like we had done two years ago.Non mi ricordavo quello che avevo detto o fatto. - I didn’t remember what I said or did. Il passato remoto io feci noi facemmo tu facesti voi faceste lui, lei, Lei fece loro, essi fecero Esempi: Quell’anno John Lennon fece un regalo a Yoko Ono, penso che fosse un quadro. - John Lennon gave a gift to Yoko Ono that year, I think it was a painting.Fecero davvero un bel lavoro. - They really did a great job! Il trapassato remoto io ebbi fatto noi avemmo fatto tu avesti fatto voi aveste fatto lui, lei, Lei ebbe fatto loro, essi ebbero fatto TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io farà ² noi faremo tu farai voi farete lui, lei, Lei far loro, essi faranno Esempi: Che faremo domani?   - What will be doing tomorrow?Chiss cosa far Giulia adesso. - Who knows what Giulia is doing right now. Il futuro anteriore io avrà ² fatto noi avremo fatto tu avrai fatto voi avrete fatto lui, lei, Lei avr fatto loro, essi avranno fatto Esempi: Non appena avrà ² fatto una chiamata, verrà ² da te. - As soon as I have made a phone call, I’ll come over.Hai sentito il suo accento? Avr fatto molto pratica per essere ad un livello cosà ¬ alto.- Did you hear her accent? She must have practiced a lot to be at that high of a level. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io faccia che noi facciamo che tu faccia che voi facciate che lui, lei, Lei faccia che loro, essi facciano Esempi: Prima che tu faccia i compiti, andiamo in piscina per una bella nuotata. - Before you do your homework, let’s go to the pool for a nice swim.Possono restare a condizione che facciano la spesa, non ci aiutano mai! - They can stay as long as they do the grocery shopping, they never help us! Il passato io abbia fatto noi abbiamo fatto tu abbia fatto voi abbiate fatto lui, lei, Lei abbia fatto loro, essi abbiano fatto Esempi: È possible che lui abbia gi fatto le valigie e preso l’aereo. - It’s possible that he already packed his bags and got on the plane.Non penso che lei abbia fatto i compiti. - I don’t think she’s done her homework. L’imperfetto io facessi noi facessimo tu facessi voi faceste lui, lei, Lei facesse loro, essi facessero Esempi: Benchà © facessi colazione, avevo ancora fame! - Even though I had already had breakfast, I was still hungry!Sembrava che lui facesse male. - It seemed like he was hurt. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi fatto noi avessimo fatto tu avessi fatto voi aveste fatto lui, lei, Lei avesse fatto loro, Loro avessero fatto Esempi: Non credevo lo avessi fatto tu! - I couldn’t have believed you had made it!Pensavo che avessero fatto la raccolta fondi il mese scorso. - I thought they had the fundraising last month. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL Il presente io farei noi faremmo tu faresti voi fareste lui, lei, Lei farebbe loro, Loro farebbero Esempi: Non farebbe mai un viaggio in Europa, ha paura di volare! - He would never take a trip to Europe, he’s scared to fly!Che cosa faresti se fossi in me? - What would you do if you were me? Il passato io avrei fatto noi avremmo fatto tu avresti fatto voi avreste fatto lui, lei, Lei avrebbe fatto loro, Loro avrebbero fatto Avrei fatto qualsiasi cosa per essere stato là ¬ con lei. - I would have done anything to have been there for her.Avremmo fatto i compiti se avessimo saputo che cercare un lavoro sarebbe stato cosà ¬ difficile. - We would have done our homework if we had known that finding work would be so difficult.

Every Child Matters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Every Child Matters - Essay Example This funding is also critical to deliver extra training for existing teachers and new comers. ECM has helped to transform opportunities for younger children through better access to childcare, health, early year education and support for families including parenting support. (Handle, 2008, 135)Proposals for the programme are developed and the Secretary of state David Blunkett announced that the first 60 areas of disadvantage had been identified to lead the projects. identify at least one significant initiative related to ECM and consider how the ECM programme would fit and contribute to the locally agreed strategies for social services, health and education, as set out in early years development plan and others. As a condition of funding existing core services have to participate in the ECM programme. (Kleinfeld, 2005, 70) ECM is used as a new way for setting inter agency and inter departmental working , aiming to breakdown barriers that prevent families receiving the co-ordinated services they needed. With focus on outreach and building trust with parents who were not in receipt of services and may have not come forward for help and advice. Every Child Matters presents an opportunity to consider the health and social care needs of those communities and aided in the development for appropriate delivery mechanisms that were in particular culturally sensitive. ECM aimed to bridge the gap between specialised and more general services for eg; Child mental health professionals trained staff so they could work with families where a child had early signs of emotional and behavioural problems thus preventing more serious problems at a later stage. This kind of service is complementary to work to So cial Services not a replacement. In the first three years the programme will support the development of 250 projects, with an aim to develop effective and co-ordinated